The Treaty was signed in Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan, on 8 September 2006 by representatives from five Central Asian states (the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan), ratified by said states, and came into force on March 21, 2009.

The Treaty stipulates that all its participants renounce the development, production or other form of acquisition of nuclear arms, possession or control, distribution or transport of nuclear weapons by any means, testing or use of nuclear weapons, and commit to not allowing these actions on their territory by other states.

The Treaty includes a Protocol, open to signing by states possessing nuclear arms, under which such states commit to not using nuclear arms or threatening to use them against Treaty member states, or contributing to any act that constitutes a violation of the Treaty.

The treaty should be also considered by upper house of the Russian parliament.